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Home / Documentation / Developer guides / CMS / Add-ons /

Area: Optimizely CMS

Applies to versions: 12 and higher

Other versions:

ARCHIVED This content is retired and no longer maintained. See the version selector for other versions of this topic.

Developing add-ons

Guidelines for developing an add-on

Optimizely and third-parties can develop add-on modules. The module system (or shell modules) defines the folder structure and configuration system that an add-on uses, and extends the user interface. You can use the module system to build any module.

Optimizely loads and processes add-on assemblies during site start-up. An add-on can contain components like InitializableModule and plug-ins that require assembly scanning.

An add-on is packaged as a NuGet package and has the following set of guidelines.

Place the add-on in a shell module directory. For example, a Google Maps dynamic content add-on could reside in ~/modules/EPiServer.Samples.AddOns.GoogleMaps/.

Reference assembly names in Web Forms pages, controls, and strongly typed MVC views of your add-ons.

User control example:

<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeBehind="Map.ascx.cs" Inherits="EPiServer.Research.DynamicContent.Map, GoogleMapsDynamicContent" %>

Strongly typed MVC view example:

<%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<ColoredModel>" %>
<%@ Assembly Name="EPiServer.Samples.Module" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="EPiServer.Samples.Module.Models" %>

Make paths to included resources relative to the add-on directory in the modules directory. The EPiServer.Shell.Paths class provides new methods to resolve URLs to resources located in the directory of the corresponding shell module directory. A specified assembly (or any type from the add-on assemblies) identifies the add-on module.

Resolving a path to an add-on resource by type

// MapDynamicContent is type from add-on assembly:
string pathToControl = Paths.ToResource(typeof(MapDynamicContent), "Map.ascx");
// load control using resolved path:
page.LoadControl(pathToControl);

Resolving a path to a client resource

// register client script using resolved path:
string pathToAddonScript = Paths.ToClientResource(typeof(MapDynamicContent), "ClientResources/MapContent.js");

Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptInclude("MapContent.js", pathToAddonScript);

Use relative paths to resources in add-on GUI plug-ins. Plug-in attributes provides properties for that.
- GuiPlugInAttribute.UrlFromModuleFolder. Define the URL to a control relative to the add-on module directory (found in the EPiServer.PlugIn namespace).
- GuiPlugInAttribute.Url. Returns a resolved URL to an add-on control (found in the EPiServer.PlugIn namespace).
- DynamicContentPlugInAttribute.ViewUrlFromModuleFolder. Define the URL to view a control for this dynamic content, relative to the add-on module directory (found in the EPiServer.DynamicContent namespace).
- DynamicContentPlugInAttribute.ViewUrl. Returns a resolved URL to a view control (found in the EPiServer.DynamicContent namespace).
You should define paths to plug-in resources as follows:
```
[GuiPlugIn(UrlFromModuleFolder="Control.ascx")]
[DynamicContentPlugIn(ViewUrlFromModuleFolder ="View.ascx")]
```
Specify the path to the template file, relative to the module folder, in the Path property of the RenderDescriptorAttribute on a page or a block template. Do not make the path application-relative or an absolute virtual path. The system resolves the virtual path to the content template file in the add-on directory.
Example:
```
[RenderDescriptor(Path = "Blocks/SampleBlockControl.ascx")]
```
The resolved virtual path to the block template in a public add-on is ~/modules/<package ID>/Blocks/SampleBlockControl.ascx.

The directory structure, where template files reside, must follow the namespace convention if you do not set the Path property of RenderDescriptorAttribute of a page or a block template.

See Page types and templates and Block types and templates.
Use the Optimizely platform LocalizationService model with embedded language files for add-ons and assemblies. Shell modules are automatically scanned for XML localization data. You also can use standard resource files.
You can add required client resources on the page without modifying the templates, to inject styles, scripts, or HTML on the pages.
You should version client resources to avoid caching problems when you upgrade to a new version. See Client resources.
Keep configuration changes to a minimum.
The following are not supported:
- Configuration file
- Source code transformation
- PowerShell scripts and other tools
Third-party add-ons cannot use an EPiServer namespace.

Creating an add-on package

Create a package from an assembly, a project or a convention-based working directory. See the tools and documentation available from Nuget to create a NuGet package.
Create the NuGet (nuspec) manifest by running the following command: nuget spec

Edit the nuspec file and specify the information for your add-on package.

If you are going to create your package from a project, use replacement tokens for the add-on package ID, version, author, and description.

The following nuspec file example is for the Google Maps add-on:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2010/07/nuspec.xsd">
  <metadata>
    <id>$id$</id>
    <version>$version$</version>
    <title>Google Maps dynamic content</title>
    <authors>$author$</authors>
    <owners />
    <iconUrl>http://world.episerver.com/PageFiles/3/Icons/Nuget.png</iconUrl>
    <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
    <description>Allows to add Google Maps as dynamic content on pages.</description>
    <tags>EPiServerPublicModulePackage Google Maps Dynamic</tags>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency id="EPiServer.Samples.SampleFoundation" version="1.2" />
      <dependency id="EPiServer.CMS.UI" version="7.5" />
    </dependencies>
  </metadata>
</package>

Public and protected add-ons

Public and protected add-ons differ in user access rights required to access the add-on files and routes.

Public. Accessed by any site user including anonymous users.
Make your add-on public only if it provides content such as page templates, dynamic content rendering controls, public MVC views, or client resources for the site visitor. If the size of the public content is relatively small, consider including it as an embedded resource in one of the add-on's binaries and make the add-on protected instead.
Protected. Accessed only by the authorized users within WebEditors or WebAdmins roles.
Consider making your add-on protected because it is a more secure approach.

Public and protected add-ons have the following file locations and virtual paths:

Public add-on files reside in the modules folder, by default, located under the site root (the same path where all the public shell modules are located).
Public add-ons have a default virtual path starting from:
~/modules/<package ID>/
Protected add-on files are located by default in:
~/modules/_protected/<package ID>/
Protected add-ons have a default virtual path starting from:
~/<EPiServerProtectedPath>/modules/<package ID>/
(for example /EPiServer/Modules/<package ID>)

Note: Mark public add-ons with the EPiServerPublicModulePackage tag. Mark protected add-ons with the EPiServerModulePackage tag.

Dependencies and versioning

If your add-on requires you to install other add-ons on the site, add these to the list of dependencies in the nuspec file to ensure that the other add-ons get installed when a user chooses to install your add-on. If the other add-ons cannot install to the environment, the installation aborts.

Add-on packages must follow the Semantic Versioning (SemVer) scheme for versioning for the package itself to have a common understanding of which versions are compatible and which versions introduce breaking changes.

SemVer means having version numbers in the format Major.Minor.Patch, where the different segments correspond to:

Major. Breaking changes.
Minor. New features, but backwards compatible.
Patch. Backwards-compatible bug fixes only.

For example, if you require the feature set from version 1.3 of a dependency, set [1.3,2) as the version range, which accepts versions that are known to be compatible. When version 2.0 is released, it may or may not turn out to be compatible. If it is compatible, the version range can be changed to [1.3,3) in the next update. Otherwise the version range, after your code base is changed to run with version 2.0 of this dependency, is changed to something like [2.0,3). See NuGet Docs for version ranges in NuGet.

Prerequisite dependency on an installed product

Your add-on may have a dependency on a product that is not yet installed, and is a prerequisite for the add-on to function. Assemblies installed in the application and system packages (such as EPiServer.CMS.Core and EPiServer.CMS.UI) are represented in the NuGet environment as virtual packages to which you can add dependencies. The names and version numbers of these packages are based on the assembly names and assembly versions. Dependencies must be actual NuGet packages for Visual Studio-enabled add-ons.

Package directory structure

The package directory structure should follow the conventions in NuGet Docs. If you are going to create the package from a Visual Studio project, run the following command:

nuget pack AddOnProject.csproj

Alternatively, if you have prepared a NuGet manifest (nuspec) file and a convention-based directory structure for the actual package content, you can create the package with the following command:

nuget.exe pack addondirectory\addon.nuspec

Using NuGet Package Explorer

Use the NuGet Package Explorer GUI tool to view metadata and create new packages. The following example shows the Google Maps add-on package opened in NuGet Package Explorer.

Developing Visual Studio-enabled add-ons

You should attach dependencies to ordinary NuGet packages rather than as references to assemblies. In most scenarios, the primary assembly of the NuGet package matches the ID of the package.

Content files must have a path in the nuspec as they appear on site.

Public add-ons

Paths for content files should include \modules\<packageid> for public add-ons.

<file src="Settings.aspx" target="Content\modules\<packageId>\Settings.aspx" />

Protected add-ons

Paths for content files should include \modules\_protected\<packageid> for protected add-ons.

<file src="Views\Setting\Index.aspx" target="Content\modules\_protected\<packageId>\Views\Setting\Index.aspx" />

The NuGet package should contain a module.config file in the package root (for example, <file src="module.config" target="Content\modules\<packageId>\module.config" />). The module.config must contain a tags attribute that contains either EPiServerModulePackage or EPiServerPublicModulePackage, which is is required for the Optimizely add-on user interface to distinguish the add-on from other shell modules. The module.config also can contain a description attribute that describes the module in the add-on UI, and should list assemblies the package contains. The following code sample shows a minimal module.config.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<module loadFromBin="false" description="Allows to run various support tools on the site." tags=" EPiServerModulePackage ">
  <assemblies>
    <add assembly="DeveloperTools" />
  </assemblies>
</module>

EPiServer.Packaging.Converter converts old add-ons to a format that allows installation of the add-on from Visual Studio. A readme file describes how to use the converter.

ZIP compressed content

Deliver content in your add-on as a compressed ZIP archive by compressing the whole content structure below the package folder to a zip file. Give it the same name as the package and place within the package directory, for example:

Content\modules\<packageId>\<packageId>.zip

Optimizely scans module directories during startup and adds a virtual path provider for any archive that is found as long as it follows this convention.

You should NOT use this feature if your module contains large files because the content is kept in a memory cache. However, the feature is useful if you are developing a Visual Studio add-on that contains many small files because it prevents the module from adding the files to the Visual Studio project of the developers installing your add-on. If you want to debug files in an add-on that uses this functionality, extract the archive into its current directory and delete or rename the archive.

Executing custom code for add-ons

Execute custom code at the following extension points, when certain actions are performed:

After the add-on installation
After an add-on update
Before an add-on uninstallation (does not trigger when uninstalling an add-on using Visual Studio)

If your add-on requires executing custom code only on web application start-up and does not need to be notified about installations, updates or deletions, consider using IInitializableModule.

Base class for your custom code

To execute custom code when the status of the add-on package changes, the custom code should include a class inherited from the abstract class EPiServer.Packaging.PackageInitializer in the EPiServer.Packaging assembly:

public abstract class PackageInitializer : IInitializableModule, IPackageNotification    
{
  #region Implementation of IInitializableModule
 
  public virtual void ConfigureContainer(ServiceConfigurationContext context);
  public virtual void Initialize(InitializationEngine context);
  public virtual void Uninitialize(InitializationEngine context);
  public virtual void Preload(string[] parameters);

  #endregion

  #region Implementation of IPackageNotification

  public abstract void AfterInstall();
  public abstract void AfterUpdate();
  public abstract void BeforeUninstall();

  #endregion
}

The PackageInitializer class combines the IInitializableModule and IPackageNotification interfaces. Inheritors of this class are instantiated and executed by the Optimizely Framework initialization system in the same manner as for the regular IInitializableModule.

The Initialize method in PackageInitializer determines whether the add-on (package ID) that contains the assembly with the inheriting class is newly installed, and calls the AfterInstall method if necessary; if the add-on is newly updated, calls AfterUpdate if necessary.

When you override the Initialize method, call the base implementation before proceeding with the initialization to ensure that the AfterInstall and AfterUpdate methods are executed before the initialization.

The BeforeUninstall method is called before the package contents are removed, when the user clicks the Uninstall button in the add-on system.

AfterInstall method

The AfterInstall method is called after the add-on installation is complete and only the first time the application starts, (as opposed to the Initialize method, which is called each time the application starts).

The following procedure shows the add-on installation and the point where the AfterInstall method is called:

The user clicks Install in the add-on management user interface.
The add-on is deployed to the site.
Site restart occurs automatically, or the user clicks Restart in the add-on management user interface.
On system startup, the add-on assemblies load into the AppDomain.
The Initialize method is called for the initializable modules.
The AfterInstall method is called from base.Initialize.

To get custom code executed after an add-on installation:

Create a class that inherits from EPiServer.Packaging.PackageInitializer.
Decorate the class with a [ModuleDependency(typeof(EPiServer.Packaging.PackagingInitialization))] attribute.
Override the AfterInstall method and put you custom code inside this method.
If the add-on requires custom initialization:
- Override the Initialize method.
- Call base.Initialize in the overridden method body.
- Place your custom initialization code after the base.Initialize method call.

AfterUpdate method

The AfterUpdate method executes after the add-on update is complete and is called only the first time the application starts after updating an add-on.

The following procedure shows the add-on installation and the point where the AfterUpdate method is called:

The user clicks Update in the add-on management user interface. The updated add-on is deployed to the site.
Site restart occurs automatically or the user clicks Restart in the add-on management user interface.
On system startup the add-on assemblies are loaded into the AppDomain.
The Initialize method is called for the initializable modules.
AfterUpdate is called from base.Initialize.

To execute custom code after an add-on update:

Create a class that inherits from EPiServer.Packaging.PackageInitializer.
Decorate the class with [ModuleDependency(typeof(EPiServer.Packaging.PackagingInitialization))] attribute.
Override the AfterUpdate method and put you custom code inside this method.
If the add-on requires custom initialization:
- Override the Initialize method.
- Call base.Initialize in the overridden method body.
- Place your custom initialization code after the base.Initialize method call.

BeforeUninstall method

The BeforeUninstall method executes immediately after the user clicks Uninstall in the add-on management user interface, but before the actual uninstallation takes place. If an exception occurs in the BeforeUninstall method, the uninstallation is aborted. It does not trigger when uninstalling an add-on using Visual Studio.

The following procedure shows the process of add-on uninstallation:

The user clicks Uninstall in the add-on management user interface.
BeforeUninstall is called.
Actual removal of the add-on is performed (but add-ons assemblies are still loaded in the AppDomain).
Restart occurs automatically, or the user clicks Restart in the add-on management user interface.
Assemblies from the deleted add-on are no longer loaded into the AppDomain.

To execute custom code before add-on unistallation:

Create a class that inherits from EPiServer.Packaging.PackageInitializer.
Override the BeforeUninstall method and put you custom code inside this method.

Managing dependencies

If an add-on is dependent on other systems or add-ons, you need to indicate these dependencies in the ModuleDependencies element so that it calls initialization methods after those of the listed dependencies.

To load the add-on automatically when a dependency is loaded, set the type attribute to RunAfter. This is needed for CMS UI add-ons; otherwise, they are not loaded.