Not out of the box but you could easily create a scheduled job to perform this action

Depending on the type of content (Block vs Page) and what you want to happen when someone attempts to access the content (404 vs 403) you may be able to use visitor group personalisation. As I recall, there's a criterion in the visitor group criteria pack which allows you to show/hide content between 2 dates. If the content is a block, it's fairly straightforward to apply the personalisation. If it's a page, you can set any visitor groups you create to allow you to use them to set permissions on a page. The downside to that is that it will return you a 403 (and probably prompt you to login) rather than a 404 but, assuming you're filtering things correctly, the page shouldn't appear in nav, listings, etc.