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The offending line looks like this
_log.Information(String.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, _localizationService.Service.GetString("/Commerce/scheduledjobs/removedexpiredcartsjob/startjob")));
It works well for builtin translations, so I would suspect that your site has CultureInfo.CurrentCulture that has a custom translation. Probably look into that translation for some clue?
When running the Remove Expired Carts sheduled job that you get OOB with EPiServer CMS i'm getting the following error in the logs. I'm running on my local development box so i have the .pdb's in the bin.
CMS Version: 11.8
Commerce: 12.2
2018-12-07 10:30:39,653 [135] ERROR EPiServer.DataAbstraction.ScheduledJob: Job EPiServer.Business.Commerce.ScheduledJobs.RemovedExpiredCartsJob failed for the job 'Remove Expired Carts' with jobId ='c7bfa31f-c7e2-4407-823d-dd7ba1381bef'
System.FormatException: Index (zero based) must be greater than or equal to zero and less than the size of the argument list.
at System.Text.StringBuilder.AppendFormatHelper(IFormatProvider provider, String format, ParamsArray args)
at System.String.FormatHelper(IFormatProvider provider, String format, ParamsArray args)
at System.String.Format(IFormatProvider provider, String format, Object[] args)
at EPiServer.Business.Commerce.ScheduledJobs.RemovedExpiredCartsJob.RemoveExpired(Int32 daysOld, String excludedCartName) in E:\BuildAgent\work\d8206f92e5515c89\EPiServer.Business.Commerce\ScheduledJobs\RemovedExpiredCartsJob.cs:line 119
at EPiServer.Business.Commerce.ScheduledJobs.RemovedExpiredCartsJob.Execute() in E:\BuildAgent\work\d8206f92e5515c89\EPiServer.Business.Commerce\ScheduledJobs\RemovedExpiredCartsJob.cs:line 71
at EPiServer.Scheduler.Internal.DefaultScheduledJobExecutor.<Execute>d__31.MoveNext()
System.FormatException: Index (zero based) must be greater than or equal to zero and less than the size of the argument list.
at System.Text.StringBuilder.AppendFormatHelper(IFormatProvider provider, String format, ParamsArray args)
at System.String.FormatHelper(IFormatProvider provider, String format, ParamsArray args)
at System.String.Format(IFormatProvider provider, String format, Object[] args)
at EPiServer.Business.Commerce.ScheduledJobs.RemovedExpiredCartsJob.RemoveExpired(Int32 daysOld, String excludedCartName) in E:\BuildAgent\work\d8206f92e5515c89\EPiServer.Business.Commerce\ScheduledJobs\RemovedExpiredCartsJob.cs:line 119
at EPiServer.Business.Commerce.ScheduledJobs.RemovedExpiredCartsJob.Execute() in E:\BuildAgent\work\d8206f92e5515c89\EPiServer.Business.Commerce\ScheduledJobs\RemovedExpiredCartsJob.cs:line 71
at EPiServer.Scheduler.Internal.DefaultScheduledJobExecutor.<Execute>d__31.MoveNext()